Germany is a popular destination for those moving from the UK, offering a combination of vibrant cities, cultural heritage, and varied landscapes. Whether you’re considering urban life or a quieter rural setting, Germany presents a balance of tradition and modernity. This guide provides essential information to help you prepare for a smooth transition to living in Germany.
Visa and Residency Requirements in Germany
British citizens can enter Schengen States, including Germany, without a visa for stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period. However, economic activities in Germany are not permitted unless authorised by a visa or residence permit issued by German authorities.
Long-Stay Visa (National Visa):
If you plan to stay in Germany for more than 90 days, you will need to apply for a Long-Stay Visa, also known as a National Visa. This visa is essential for those intending to work, study, or live in Germany on a long-term basis.
Work Visa:
If you have secured a job offer in Germany, a Work Visa is required. Your employer will often assist you with the necessary paperwork and work permit application. This visa allows you to work legally in Germany, and it is typically tied to your specific job and employer.
Student Visa:
A Student Visa is required if you are enrolled in a German educational institution, such as a university or vocational school. To apply, you’ll need proof of admission to a recognized institution, evidence of sufficient financial resources to cover your living expenses, and valid health insurance. The Student Visa allows you to stay in Germany for the duration of your studies, and in some cases, it may permit limited part-time work. After completing your studies, you may be eligible to extend your stay to seek employment related to your field of study.
Family Reunion Visa:
If you have family members who are legal residents of Germany, you may apply for a Family Reunion Visa to join them. This visa is typically granted to spouses, registered partners, and minor children, allowing them to live with their family members in Germany.
Freelance Visa:
For self-employed professionals, artists, or those planning to start a business in Germany, a Freelance Visa is the appropriate choice. This visa requires you to demonstrate that your freelance work will be sustainable and that it will contribute economically or culturally to Germany. You will need to provide a detailed business plan, proof of relevant qualifications, financial resources, and any necessary contracts or client agreements..
In addition to these visa types, there are other specialised long-stay visas for categories such as researchers, language students, and volunteers.
The National Visa application process can be complex, so it may be helpful to seek guidance from the German consulate or embassy in your country, or consult with an immigration lawyer if you have specific questions or concerns.
Work Permits
Germany offers several types of work permits depending on your employment situation:
EU Blue Card:
Designed for highly skilled non-EU workers with a higher education degree and a job offer in Germany that meets a certain salary threshold (around €58,400 annually, lower for shortage occupations). The EU Blue Card allows for work in Germany and provides a pathway to permanent residency after 21-33 months.
General Work Permit:
Available to non-EU citizens with a job offer in Germany who do not qualify for the EU Blue Card. This permit is usually tied to a specific employer and job. Your employer must demonstrate that the position cannot be filled by an EU citizen.
Freelance Permit:
Aimed at self-employed individuals and freelancers. To qualify, you must provide a viable business plan, proof of qualifications, and financial stability. This permit offers flexibility as it is not tied to an employer, but requires regular renewals, demonstrating ongoing success in your freelance activities.
Post-Arrival Steps
Register Your Address:
Within 14 days of arrival, register your address at the local Bürgeramt. This process, called Anmeldung, is mandatory and provides an official document needed for various tasks, such as opening a bank account.
Apply for a Residence Permit:
After registering, apply for a residence permit at the Ausländerbehörde (immigration office). This permit formalises your right to live and work in Germany and is necessary for accessing public services. The residence permit’s validity aligns with your work permit and may need renewal based on your stay.
Following these steps ensures legal residence and work status in Germany, making the transition smoother.
Logistics for Moving to Germany from the UK
Choosing the right removals company is key to a smooth move to Germany. Opt for a company with experience in relocations to Germany to ensure familiarity with logistics and regulations. When selecting a company, consider reliability, cost, and customer reviews to ensure your belongings are in safe hands.
Many companies offer comprehensive services like packing, storage, and insurance, which can reduce stress. Door-to-door service is particularly helpful, handling everything from packing at your current location to delivery in Germany, allowing you to focus on settling into your new home.
Cost of Living in Germany
The cost of living in Germany varies widely depending on the region, with major cities like Berlin, Munich, and Frankfurt being more expensive, particularly in terms of housing. Rent prices in these urban centers can be high, especially in popular neighborhoods close to the city center. In contrast, suburban and rural areas generally offer more affordable living options, with lower rent and property prices. These areas can be appealing for those seeking a quieter lifestyle, often with the added benefit of lower day-to-day expenses.
When searching for accommodation, it’s important to consider factors such as location, access to public transportation, and proximity to amenities like supermarkets, schools, and healthcare facilities. While living further from the city center might reduce rent costs, it can increase commuting time and transportation expenses. Some regions with strong job markets have seen a rise in living costs due to increased demand, so it’s essential to plan carefully to find a balance between affordability and the lifestyle you’re looking for.
German Healthcare System
Germany’s healthcare system is renowned for its quality and accessibility, offering both public and private health insurance options. Public health insurance (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung, GKV) is the standard for most residents, with income-based contributions covering general medical care, hospital treatment, and specialist consultations. It ensures broad access to healthcare, often extending coverage to family members at no extra cost. The GKV provides access to a wide network of healthcare providers, making it a reliable choice for most people.
Private health insurance (Private Krankenversicherung, PKV) is available to certain groups, such as high earners, self-employed individuals, and civil servants. It offers more flexibility, including benefits like shorter waiting times for specialists and access to private hospital rooms, but premiums are based on individual risk factors, making it more expensive. The choice between public and private insurance depends on your income, employment status, and healthcare needs. Expatriates may benefit from consulting a health insurance advisor to choose the best option.
Education System
Understanding Germany’s education system is crucial if you have children, as it includes distinct stages from primary to secondary education, leading to various qualifications. After completing Grundschule (primary education), children move on to different types of secondary schools based on their academic performance and interests, each preparing students for different career paths or higher education. Public schools are the most common, with instruction primarily in German, but there are also private schools and international schools that offer alternative curricula.
For expatriates, international schools are often a preferred option as they offer curricula in English and cater to a diverse student body. These schools can provide continuity for children accustomed to different educational systems. When choosing a school, consider factors like language proficiency, curriculum, and the school’s educational approach.
Banking and Finances
Opening a bank account in Germany is a straightforward process, requiring proof of identity, address, and a residence permit. Germany offers a variety of banking options, including traditional banks like Deutsche Bank, as well as online banks like N26. When selecting a bank, consider the range of services offered, such as savings accounts, credit cards, and loans, as well as whether the bank provides English-language support, which can be helpful for expatriates.
Understanding the German tax system is essential, as it differs from the UK’s system. In Germany, taxes are typically deducted at source from your salary, including income tax, church tax (if applicable), and social security contributions. It’s important to register with the local tax office (Finanzamt) to obtain your tax identification number (Steueridentifikationsnummer), which you’ll need for employment. Seeking advice from a tax consultant may be beneficial to ensure you understand and comply with your tax obligations in Germany.
Cultural Adaptation
Adapting to German culture involves understanding and respecting local values such as punctuality, order, and direct communication. Being on time and following established rules are important aspects of daily life in Germany. Learning basic German phrases can significantly enhance your everyday interactions and show respect for the local culture, even though many Germans speak English. Making an effort to communicate in German is often appreciated and can help you build connections.
Embracing local traditions and participating in community activities are also key to integrating into German society. Engaging in festivals or joining local clubs can provide opportunities to meet people and experience the rich cultural heritage of Germany.
Transportation and Infrastructure
Germany has a highly efficient transportation system, with a well-connected network of trains, trams, and buses. High-speed trains like the ICE link major cities, while regional trains and S-Bahn services connect smaller towns and suburbs. In cities, public transport options such as U-Bahn, trams, and buses ensure comprehensive coverage. They are a popular choice for commuting, especially in busy urban areas.
Many cities in Germany are also bike-friendly, with dedicated cycling paths and lanes. If you plan to drive, check the validity of your UK driving licence in Germany, as some may need to be exchanged depending on the length of stay.
Employment Opportunities in Germany
Germany offers a strong job market with diverse opportunities in industries like engineering, IT, finance, manufacturing, and healthcare. The demand for skilled workers, particularly in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), is high, making it an attractive destination for professionals with technical expertise. The country also has a thriving small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector and growing roles in renewable energy and research.
Networking is key to finding jobs in Germany, as many positions are filled through professional connections. Attending industry events, joining professional groups, and building relationships can enhance job prospects. Online job portals like LinkedIn and recruitment agencies are also valuable resources. Tailoring your CV to German standards and learning some German, even for international roles, can further improve your chances.
Leisure and Recreation
Germany offers a rich variety of attractions and activities, making it an ideal destination for leisure and recreation. From exploring Berlin’s historic landmarks and Munich’s lively beer gardens to hiking in the Black Forest and skiing in the Bavarian Alps, there’s something for everyone. The country’s vibrant cultural scene includes world-class museums, opera houses, and music festivals, while its culinary diversity ranges from regional specialties to internationally influenced cuisine. Seasonal events like Oktoberfest and the famous Christmas markets add to the unique German experience.
In addition to its domestic offerings, Germany’s central location in Europe makes it a convenient base for exploring neighbouring countries. Well-connected transport links allow for easy travel to destinations like France, the Netherlands, Austria, and Switzerland, providing endless opportunities for weekend trips and cultural exploration.
Conclusion
Moving to Germany from the UK is an exciting adventure. By understanding the visa process, housing market, healthcare, education, finances, and culture, you’ll be well-prepared. Germany’s mix of history, culture, and modernity offers something for everyone. With careful planning and an open mind, your move to Germany can be a rewarding experience.